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Heat Transfer Area Calculation: Illustrated LMTD Method

Jun 26, 2026 147 views ~6 min read Selection Guide
Heat transfer area is the core parameter in heat exchanger design. This article explains the Log-Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) calculation step by step with illustrations and a worked engineering example, for engineers and technicians.
Heat Transfer Area Calculation: Illustrated LMTD Method

Heat Transfer Area Calculation: LMTD Method Explained with Example

Basic formula for heat transfer area A:

Q = K x A x dTm

That is: A = Q / (K x dTm)

Where: Q is heat load (W), K is overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2.C), dTm is log-mean temperature difference (C).

1. Empirical Values of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient K

Exchanger Type and MediaK Range (W/m2.C)
Plate (water-water)3000 - 6000
Shell-and-tube (water-water)800 - 1500
Shell-and-tube (steam-water)2000 - 4000
Air-air (finned tube)30 - 80
Flue gas-water (with fouling)40 - 80

2. Calculation of Log-Mean Temperature Difference dTm

For counter-flow arrangement:

dTm = (dT1 - dT2) / ln(dT1/dT2)

Where: dT1 = hot fluid inlet temp - cold fluid outlet temp; dT2 = hot fluid outlet temp - cold fluid inlet temp.

3. Calculation Example

Given: Heat 5 kg/s water from 20C to 60C, heat source is 0.3 MPa saturated steam (133C), using a plate heat exchanger.

Solution:

1 Heat load: Q = 5 x 4.18 x (60-20) = 836 kW

2 Log-mean temperature difference (counter-flow): dT1 = 133-60 = 73C; dT2 = 133-20 = 113C; dTm = (113-73)/ln(113/73) = 40/ln(1.548) = 40/0.437 ~ 91.5C

3 Select K = 3000 W/m2.C (steam-water plate exchanger)

4 Heat transfer area: A = 836000 / (3000 x 91.5) ~ 3.05 m2

5 Design margin 15%: A_design = 3.05 x 1.15 ~ 3.5 m2

Prefer not to calculate by hand? Use our heat exchanger selection calculator; enter operating parameters and it automatically outputs the heat transfer area and recommended model, no registration required.

Keywords: heat transfer area calculation LMTD log-mean temperature difference heat exchanger design heat transfer coefficient
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